Undergraduate Calendar 2001-2002
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E A R T H S C I E N C E S
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Undergraduate Advisors
M. Coniglio, BFG 2106, ext. 2066
R.L. Linnen, BFG 2120, ext. 6929
E.J. Reardon, ESC 203, ext. 3234
D.L. Rudolph, BFG 2207, ext. 6778
EARTH 00s
| EARTH 10 SEM 0.00 | Course ID: 009240 |
| Seminar (non-credit) |
| This meeting is normally scheduled Thursday afternoons to provide time for departmental seminars, short presentations, discuss coop and academic matters. [Offered: F,W,S] |
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EARTH 100s
| EARTH 121 LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004819 |
| The Planet We Live On |
| This course is given in two parts: 1. Planet Earth: Structure of the Earth including plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanoes. 2. A Home for People: Natural processes operating on the Earth, e.g. erosion, mass wasting, glaciation permafrost, rivers, etc. [Offered: F] |
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| Antireq: GEOE 126, EARTH 126, SCI 250, CIVE 253 |
| Coreq: EARTH 121L. |
| Also offered by Distance Education |
| EARTH 121L LAB 0.25 | Course ID: 004820 |
| Introductory Earth Sciences Laboratory 1 |
| For students taking EARTH 121. Laboratory exercises on selected topics from EARTH 121 lectures. [Offered: F] |
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| EARTH 122 LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004821 |
| The Planet We Live Off |
| This course will be given in three parts: 1. A Planet for the Taking: Earth history; stratigraphic and paleontologic concepts; minerals and non-renewable earth resources and their exploitation. 2. The Planet Strikes Back: Natural hazards and global change. 3. Future Planet Earth: Primary considerations for survival; water, food and energy supplies, soil loss, waste disposal. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 121. |
| Antireq: GEOE 126, EARTH 126, SCI 250, CIVE 253 |
| Coreq: EARTH 122L. |
| Also offered by Distance Education |
| EARTH 122L LAB 0.25 | Course ID: 004822 |
| Introductory Earth Sciences Laboratory 2 |
| For students taking EARTH 122. Laboratory exercises on selected topics from EARTH 122 lectures. [Offered: W] |
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| EARTH 123 LEC,TUT 0.50 | Course ID: 004823 |
| Introductory Hydrology |
| Introduction to the main components of the hydrologic cycle including precipitation processes, evapotranspiration, soil water and groundwater flow, and surface water features. Emphasis will be placed on the atmospheric and geologic processes controlling water movement in the cycle at the global and local scales. Examples related to environmental impacts of urbanization and land-use management will be stressed. [Offered: F] |
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| EARTH 123L LAB 0.25 | Course ID: 004824 |
| Introductory Hydrology Laboratory |
| Field exercises involving the use of standard hydrologic monitoring techniques. Particular emphasis will be on practical aspects of hydrologic data collection. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: Honours Earth Science students only. |
| Coreq: EARTH 123 |
| EARTH 126 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 005819 |
| Geological Engineering Concepts |
| An introduction to physical geology and earth processes. Rock forming processes, geological time, earthquakes, volcanism, plate tectonics, sea floor exploration, mountain building, mass wasting, hydrology and hydrogeology, glaciers and glaciation. Geological engineering responses to problems are considered throughout the course. Rock identification, soil identification and classification, and identification of landforms from airphotos are introduced during laboratory classes. [Offered: S] |
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| Prereq: Geological Engineering students only. |
| Antireq: EARTH 121, 122, SCI 250, CIVE 253 |
| (Cross-listed with GEOE 126) |
EARTH 200s
| EARTH 221 LEC,TUT 0.50 | Course ID: 004826 |
| Geochemistry 1 |
| Origin, abundance and geochemistry of elements. Introduction to stable isotope geology and radiometric dating. Basic aqueous geochemistry. [Offered: W,S] |
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| Prereq: ((EARTH 121, 121L, 122, 122L) or (EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253)) and (CHEM 123 or CHEM 125) |
| Also offered by Distance Education |
| EARTH 223 LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004827 |
| Hydrology |
| This course introduces the science of hydrology, emphasizing the hydrologic cycle and the interactions that are of enviornmental significance. The course presents material that is strongly conceptual, balanced with quantitative tools that provide additional insight to the science of hydrology. |
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| Only offered by Distance Education |
| EARTH 231 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004828 |
| Mineralogy |
| Systematic mineralogy: study of the physical properties of the major rock-forming minerals; their identification, classification and occurrence. Introduction to crystallography; elements of symmetry and the interrelationship of crystal structure to the physical and chemical properties of minerals. Elementary petrology of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks in hand specimen. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 121 and EARTH 121L, and EARTH 122 and EARTH 122L, or EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253 |
| EARTH 232 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004829 |
| Petrography |
| An introduction to optical mineralogy. Basic theory of the behaviour of light through minerals; concept of indicatrices; understanding relief, retardation, birefringence, interference figures and other optical properties of minerals. Microscopic examination of important rock forming minerals and their identification if igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Introduction to silicate phase equilibria; use of mineral stability diagrams to understand igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. [Offered: W,S] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 231 |
| EARTH 235 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004830 |
| Stratigraphy and Earth History |
| An introduction to the earth materials, principles and approaches used in deciphering geological history. The development of stratigraphic sequences as controlled by global and regional tectonics and sea level fluctuations. Examples are drawn primarily from North American geology through study of the craton and adjacent mountain belts. Several half day to full day field trips will expose students to the local geology of southern Ontario. Laboratory work will include construction and interpretation of various types of maps and cross sections. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 121 and EARTH 121L, and EARTH 122 and EARTH 122L, or EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253 |
| EARTH 236 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004831 |
| Principles of Paleontology |
| The principles of paleontology with particular stress on the species concept and evolution; examples will be drawn primarily from the fossil record of plants and vertebrates. Laboratory work will include projects related to lecture topics. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 121 and EARTH 121L, and EARTH 122 and EARTH 122L, or EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253 |
| EARTH 238 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004832 |
| Introductory Structural Geology |
| Concepts of stress and strain; elementary rock mechanics; description and classification of folds, faults, foliations, lineations and joints; use of primary structures; introduction to geometrical analysis. Labs will emphasize geometrical problems, including geological maps and cross sections, and stereographic projection. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 121 and EARTH 121L, and EARTH 122 and EARTH 122L, or EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253 |
| EARTH 260 FLD,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004833 |
| Applied Geophysics 1 |
| An introduction to seismic, gravity, electric, electromagnetic and magnetic methods of exploration geophysics. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: One of PHYS 111 or 121 and One of PHYS 112 or 122; EARTH 121,121L, 122,122L or EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253 |
EARTH 300s
| EARTH 331 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004835 |
| Igneous Petrology |
| The principles and theories of igneous rock genesis. Silicate phase equilibria in magmatic systems. Magmatic differentiation; distribution and occurrence of magma types. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 231 and EARTH 232 |
| EARTH 332 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004836 |
| Metamorphic Petrology |
| Principles and theories of metamorphic rock genesis. Static, dynamic and polyphasal crystalloblastic growth. Processes of solid-state crystallization in metamorphic environments. Zonal and facies classifications; facies series and the place of metamorphism in global tectonics. Introduction to metasomatism. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 231 and EARTH 232 |
| EARTH 333 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004837 |
| Introductory Sedimentology |
| The origin, transport and deposition of sediments. Size analysis and sedimentary structures. Recent sedimentary environments as a key to the interpretation of ancient sediments. Sedimentary petrology. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 231, 232, 235 |
| EARTH 336 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004838 |
| Paleontology |
| Advanced paleontology emphasizing morphology, classification, evolution, paleoecology and stratigraphic value of fossil invertebrates. Laboratory study of fossil collections. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 236 |
| EARTH 342 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004839 |
| Applied Geomorphology |
| Physical processes, environmental impact and remediation. Development, erosion and engineering capabilities of soils and glacial drift. Permafrost. Fluvial processes. Flood control. Glacial deposits. Landslides. Coastal processes. Laboratory work involves field projects, air photo interpretation and terrain analysis. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 121 and EARTH121L, and EARTH 122 and EARTH 122L or EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253. |
| Antireq: GEOG 201 |
| EARTH 358 LEC,TUT 0.50 | Course ID: 004842 |
| Environmental Geology for Earth Scientists |
| The influence of geology on human activities; geological hazards; sustainable development from a geological perspective. Group projects, involving meetings, oral and written reports, are emphasized. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: ((EARTH 121, 121L, 122, 122L) or (EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253)) and (CHEM 123 or CHEM 125) |
| EARTH 359 LEC,TUT 0.50 | Course ID: 004843 |
| Flow Through Porous Media |
| Quantitative introduction to the physical principles that govern the flow of fluids through porous and fractured geologic materials. Physical properties of fluids and porous media will be presented and conservation, flux and state equations will be developed. Physics of slow of immiscible fluids, including air-water and oil-water combinations will be included. |
| [Note: A Year 2 Calculus course is recommended. Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 121 and EARTH 121L, and EARTH 122 and EARTH 122L, or EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253 |
| EARTH 360 LEC,TUT 0.50 | Course ID: 004844 |
| Earth Physics and Plate Tectonics |
| Principles of seismology, geomagnetism, heat flow and gravity applied to problems such as earth structure and earthquake prediction. A quantitative discussion of plate tectonics. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: ((EARTH 121, 121L, 122, 122L) or (EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253)) and ( PHYS 111 or 121) and (PHYS 112 or PHYS 122) |
| EARTH 390 LAB 0.00 | Course ID: 004848 |
| Methods in Geological Mapping |
| Week long field study in Sudbury and Whitefish Falls area. Held at end of Winter term. Geological and geotechnical field techniques, map construction, report writing. |
| [Note: Depending on availability of space, EARTH 390 as a non-credit field course is also open to students who do not require this course in their plan. There may be an additional fee for such students. Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 235, 238 |
EARTH 400s
| EARTH 421 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004849 |
| Geochemistry 2 |
| The application of chemical thermodynamics to geochemical problems. Development of the three laws of Thermodynamics; Gibbs free energy and equilibria constants. Introduction to various topics in aqueous geochemistry such as mineral equilibria, ion exchange and redox equilibria. Laboratory session will involve various experiments related to mineral solubility, chemical kinetics, acid-base equilibria and chemical modelling. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 221 and CHEM 123/125 |
| EARTH 427 LEC,SEM 0.50 | Course ID: 004850 |
| Crustal Evolution |
| The application of geological knowledge and reasoning to significant contemporary earth science problems including that of global tectonics and global change. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: Level at least 4A Earth Science |
| EARTH 432 LEC,SEM 0.50 | Course ID: 004851 |
| Precambrian Geology |
| The geology, tectonics, stratigraphy and history of the Canadian Precambrian Shield. The early evolution of the Earth's crust. The Precambrian time scale and problems of geochronology. Life, climate and physical conditions in Precambrian time. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: Level at least 4A Earth Science |
| EARTH 433 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004852 |
| Applied Sedimentology |
| The source, migration and sedimentary environment of hydrocarbons, exploration, types of traps, extraction. Carbonate sediments and their diagenesis. The environmental impact and control of recent sedimentation. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 333 |
| EARTH 434 LEC,SEM 0.50 | Course ID: 004853 |
| Biostratigraphy |
| Methods of using paleontological data to solve stratigraphic problems. Faunal provinces in space and time. Effects of continental drift and climatic change on biogeography through the Phanerozoic. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 336 |
| EARTH 435 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004854 |
| Advanced Structural Geology |
| Stress and strain; deformational behaviour of rocks; origin of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults; geometrical and kinematic analysis; relationships of structures from the microscopic to the megascopic scale. Labs will include simple experiments, advanced geometrical problems and observation and measurement of microstructure and fabric. |
| [Note: EARTH 332 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 238 |
| EARTH 436A LAB,SEM 0.50 | Course ID: 004855 |
| Honours Thesis |
| Each student will work under the direction of a member of the Department on a short research project. The results of this will be presented in thesis form and will be critically examined by members of this and, where pertinent, other departments. |
| Department Consent Required |
| Prereq: Level at least 4A Earth Science or Earth Science Minor |
| EARTH 436B LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004856 |
| Honours Thesis |
| Each student will work under the direction of a member of the Department on a short research project. The results of this will be presented in thesis form and will be critically examined by members of this and, where pertinent, other departments. |
| Department Consent Required |
| Prereq: Level at least 4A Earth Science or Earth Science Minor |
| EARTH 437 LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004857 |
| Rock Mechanics |
| Review of stress and strain. Mohr's circle, strength theories, laboratory tests, classification of rocks. Rock mechanics considerations in the construction of shafts, drifts, tunnels, foundations and rock slopes. Laboratory exercises will deal with uniaxial, triaxial, flexure, hardness and tensile testing of rock. Problem sets will be assigned. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: CIVE 127 and CIVE 204 or ENVE 207 or ME 219; 3A or higher Geological or Civil Engineering |
| EARTH 438 LEC,WSP 0.50 | Course ID: 004858 |
| Engineering Geology |
| Review of basic concepts in engineering geology as applied to rock and soil, including material properties, variability in properties, external factors such as stress, and evaluation of design adequacy. Site investigation and characterisation techniques used to define and characterise the properties of geological materials and their use in selected engineering geologic design and construction problems. Laboratory assignments will focus on the determination of physical properties and site assessment problems. [Offered: W] |
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| EARTH 440 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004860 |
| Quaternary Geology |
| Stratigraphy and history of the Quaternary Period with emphasis on glaciation. Laboratory studies on glacial deposits. Field trips. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: Level at least 4A Earth Science |
| EARTH 441 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004861 |
| Introductory Quaternary Ecology |
| An introduction to Quaternary ecology. The morphology, biostratigraphy, distribution and paleoecological significance of major plant and animal groups in the Quaternary sciences. Relationships of fossil assemblages to modern ecosystems. Students will be expected to arrange with the instructors a field trip in the preceding term. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 440 |
| (Cross-listed with BIOL 481) |
| EARTH 456 LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004862 |
| Groundwater Modelling |
| An introduction to numerical techniques for groundwater modelling, focusing on the understanding of fundamental principles and an appreciation of the role of models. Finite difference, finite element, and particle tracing methods are studied and applied to the solution of problems in groundwater flow, aquifer mechanics, flownet generation, and advective-dispersive transport. Proper modelling approaches, error analysis, stability, discretization constraints, pitfalls, and model misuse are discussed. The student will write some simple FORTRAN programs, and obtain hands-on experience with state-of-the-art interactive groundwater models in the PC laboratory. |
| [Note: A second year course in calculus is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 359 or 458; Not open to students in the Faculty of Mathematics |
| EARTH 458 LEC,TUT 0.50 | Course ID: 004863 |
| Physical Hydrogeology |
| An introduction to physical hydrogeology, including Darcy's law, the groundwater flow equations for steady-state and transient conditions, applications to flow nets, aquifer testing, groundwater resources, and groundwater protection. The role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle is explored with emphasis on natural groundwater flow systems and their influence on stream flow, emphasizing laboratory and field techniques for practise with data interpretation. Physical processes controlling groundwater contamination are introduced. |
| [Note: EARTH 123 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F,S] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 121 and EARTH 121L, and EARTH 122 and EARTH 122L, or EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 253 |
| Also offered by Distance Education |
| EARTH 459 LEC,TUT 0.50 | Course ID: 004864 |
| Chemical Hydrogeology |
| An introduction to the chemical side of hydrogeology with emphasis on groundwater quality and contaminants in the groundwater zone, the geochemical origin of major ions in natural groundwater, causes of hardness, groundwater age determination using isotopes, common causes of groundwater contamination; processes governing contaminant behaviour including dispersion, diffusion and adsorption, hydrogeologic aspects of site selection for waste disposal. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 221 or CIVE 375, and EARTH 458 |
| Also offered by Distance Education |
| EARTH 460 LEC,TUT 0.50 | Course ID: 004865 |
| Applied Geophysics 2 |
| A detailed examination of selected topics in exploration geophysics, with an emphasis on data processing, time series analysis and computer modelling of geophysical responses. {Note: A full credit in first year Calculus is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 260 |
| EARTH 461 LAB,LEC,TUT 0.50 | Course ID: 004866 |
| Applied Geophysics 3 |
| A field oriented course emphasizing current methodology in environmental geophysics, including waste management and hydrogeological applications. [Offered: F] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 260 |
| EARTH 471 LAB,LEC 0.50 | Course ID: 004868 |
| Mineral Deposits |
| The principles of metal concentration and deposition in magmatic and hydrothermal environments. Classic ore deposits are examined using these principles, including applications of fluid inclusion, stable isotope and mineral stability to ore-forming processes. Basic aspects of mineral exploration are also covered. Laboratories involve hand sample and ore petrology of suites from diverse deposits. [Offered: W] |
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| Prereq: EARTH 221, 232 |
| EARTH 490 LAB 0.00 | Course ID: 004869 |
| Field Course |
| One or more geology field trips normally conducted at the beginning of the Fall term. These trips will emphasize field observations of a wide-ranging nature; some trips will augment field observations with study of specimens, core laboratory data, etc. Field exercises and reports may be part of the requirements. Depending on availability of space, EARTH 490 as a non-credit field course is also open to students who do not require this course in their program. There may be an additional fee for such students. Field trip fees will apply; listing of current trips and respective costs available from department office. |
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| Prereq: Level at least 4A Earth Science |
The Undergraduate Calendar is published by the
Office of the Registrar, University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
Inquiries: infoucal@www.adm.uwaterloo.ca
Revised March 2001